US visa interview 2026: questions and 10 real stories
US visa interview at a consulate for O-1, EB-1 and EB-2 NIW: what officers ask, the 221(g) email questionnaire, 10 real stories and common mistakes.
Contents7
Before your consulate visit: U.S. visa at a consulate: appointment, documents, CEAC status (in Russian)
Consular interview guide
How the interview at a U.S. consulate goes: what officers ask, how to answer the email questionnaire, answer templates and common mistakes. Entry and visa restrictions for nationals of certain countries come from Proclamation 10998 (Federal Register). Most other guides linked on this page are in Russian for now.
The consulate interview
The consulate interview is a key step to an O-1, EB-1 or EB-2 visa. Your answers directly affect the result. The process follows set rules, but talking with the officer can be unpredictable.
What matters most: confidence, calm and a story that makes sense. If you start getting confused in your answers, the chance of a refusal goes up. Do not improvise: prepare in advance.
Documents for the interview
Main documents:
- A printout of your DS-160 confirmation page with the barcode, for an O-1 or another nonimmigrant visa (if you had a 221(g) refusal before, answer "Yes" to the question about past visa refusals). For an immigrant visa (EB-1, EB-2 NIW), bring the DS-260 confirmation page instead.
- A printout of your appointment confirmation (for an immigrant visa, the interview appointment letter from the NVC)
- Form I-797 (Notice of Action)
- Form I-129 (Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker), for an O-1
- Passport. For a nonimmigrant visa (O-1), as a general rule it must be valid for at least 6 months beyond your planned stay in the U.S. (22 CFR 41.104, INA 212(a)(7)(B)(i)(I)); citizens of some countries are exempt under country agreements. For an immigrant visa (EB-1, EB-2 NIW), the regulation asks for at least 60 days beyond the end of the visa's validity (22 CFR 42.64(b)), and the State Department's interview checklist asks for a passport valid for six months beyond your intended date of entry into the U.S.
- Resume (CV)
- Employer documents (staff lists, tax returns)
Tip
Bring the originals of every document in your petition, plus copies for the consulate. Some officers ask to see specific evidence right at the interview.
Common interview questions
The questions come from real interviews of members of our Russian-speaking Telegram chat "Talent in Everyone". The list covers many topics, but every interview is different: the officer may ask something you do not expect.
Key point
Be ready for any question about your case, your experience and your plans in the U.S. Stay flexible and confident. The goal of the interview is to show the officer that you meet the requirements and will be a valuable addition to the U.S.
Education, family, second citizenship, your spouse's mother's maiden name.
General questions about the applicant
- In what field are you extraordinary?
- What is your education? What degree? What major?
- Do you have a second citizenship? Which countries have you lived in?
- Where is your hometown, and how many people live there?
- Do you have brothers or sisters? What do they do?
- What is your wife's or husband's mother's maiden name?
- How old are you?
- What year did you finish school?
Salary, ties to the Russian government, who you report to, lawsuits at work.
Questions about your career and experience
- How many years of experience do you have in your field? How long have you worked in it?
- Tell me more about your career.
- What exactly are you responsible for in your current job?
- What is your relationship with the Russian government? What ties do you have to it?
- Who is your direct manager?
- What is your salary at your current company? What was it a year ago?
- How much higher is it than the pay of similar specialists?
- Where have you worked? When did you start, and when did you leave?
- What is your job? What exactly are you responsible for?
- What did you do at each job? What were you responsible for?
- Were there any lawsuits at work?
The main block: awards, articles, associations and why exactly you are extraordinary.
Questions about meeting the EB-1/O-1 criteria
- Why do you think you qualify for this visa category?
- Why are you extraordinary?
- What makes you extraordinary? What are your outstanding abilities?
- What awards and achievements do you have? In what year and month did you receive them?
- Which professional associations are you a member of? How many members do they have?
- What major events have you taken part in? What was your role? Which well-known professionals were there?
- At which conferences did you speak? Where were they held?
- Which projects exactly did you carry out? Why are you a leader of your organization?
- What is your contribution to the field?
- Have you written books? Where were they published, and how are they distributed?
- Which well-known experts wrote your recommendation letters? How do you know them?
- Where did you serve as a judge or jury member? Which well-known professionals were on the jury with you?
- Where and how is your work or research used?
- Do you have scientific articles? Where were they published? What did you write about?
- Where were articles about you published? In what month and year?
Where you are going, what you will do, how you know your employer, whether you know people in the U.S.
Questions about your plans in the U.S.
- Where exactly in the U.S. do you plan to go?
- In which state do you plan to work? In which city will you live?
- What will you do after you move?
- What is this company, and what does it do? Is it American?
- Why don't you have a job offer? / Where did your job offer come from?
- How did the company find out about you?
- Who is your employer in the U.S.?
- What job do you plan to do? What exactly will you do?
- Do you plan to work in your field in the U.S.?
- Do you know anyone in the U.S.? Who are they, and what do they do? What are their names?
- What will your spouse do after the move?
- What is the exact address you are going to?
The wedding, your spouse's parents, property in Russia, whether relatives plan to move.
Questions about family and marriage
- Are you married? Do you have children?
- Is this your first marriage? When was the wedding?
- Where did you meet your spouse?
- Have you met each other's parents?
- How many guests were at the wedding?
- Where do your closest relatives (parents, brothers, sisters) live?
- Do they plan to follow you to the U.S.?
- Do you own property, a business or other assets in Russia?
Have you ever fired a weapon or driven a tank? Yes, they do ask this.
Questions about military service
- Did you serve in the army? Where, at what rank, with what duties?
- Did you attend meetings with military leadership?
- Did you attend military training camps or meetings?
- Have you ever fired a weapon? If yes, at whom?
- Have you ever driven a tank?
- Did you receive pay from the army?
- What is your military rank?
- Why do you hold an officer position?
From politics to how your name is spelled in Latin letters: be ready for anything.
Other questions
- How long have you been in the country of the interview? Why so long? How long have you been in Warsaw?
- Have you had problems visiting the U.S. in the past?
- Do you speak English?
- Will you do the interview in English?
- Do you know English, and why do you want the interview in Russian?
- What is the purpose of your trip?
- How did you learn about the EB-1 visa? Who advised you to apply?
- Did you prepare the petition yourself, or did someone help?
- Did you go to immigration lawyers? Why? Who is your lawyer? How did you find them?
- Do you have a resume/CV?
- What has changed since you filled out the DS-260?
- What do you think about the political situation in the world?
- Why is your name spelled differently in different documents?
- Where are your medical exam results?
- When was your I-140 petition approved? How long did you wait?
Practice answering in English: the officer can switch to it at any moment.
Questions asked in English (for practice)
Here are the same kinds of questions in English. Practice answering them out loud in English: even if you choose an interview in your own language, the officer may switch to English.
Extraordinary ability:
- What makes you extraordinary?
- What exactly do you do? (describe your work)
- You claim to be very successful, but I've never heard of you.
- I'm still not quite clear on what exactly you do and what makes it so outstanding?
Employment in the United States:
- What will you be doing in the United States?
- Who is your employer in the United States?
- How much will you be paid in the United States?
- What do these companies do?
- Who signed the engagement letters / petition letter?
- How did these companies find you and make an offer?
- Why do these companies want to work with you?
US Petitioner:
- Who is your petitioner (NAME)?
- What is his status in the United States?
- Why did he file for your visa?
- How do you know him/her?
- Where does your petitioner live?
Ties to Home Country:
- Where are you currently residing?
- When was the last time you were in your home country?
- Since the war started, did you move anywhere?
- Why are you applying at our Consulate?
- What do you have left in Russia?
- Where do you plan to return if the war is not yet over?
Additional Questions:
- Why are you not applying for an H-1B (work) visa?
- Where do you plan to live in the United States?
- How long was your longest trip to the United States? What did you do in the U.S.?
Questions to Spouse:
- When did you get married?
- What do you do now?
- What will you do in the U.S.?
- Will you be working in the U.S.?
Real interview stories
Real stories from our community. Every interview is different.
Yerevan, December 2025 (teacher)
I wrote up my interview, maybe it will help someone.
Embassy in Yerevan, interview in December 2025. The officer was a young American. When they took my documents, they asked which language I would use for the interview: Russian. About the case itself I got 2 questions: what makes you extraordinary, and how many years you have been in this profession (special education teacher: 25 years in teaching, 10 of them in special education). That was all.
Then he opened my medical exam results (done at IOM) and asked: "What are you going to do about your health problems?" I told him I have no chronic illnesses, even though I am overweight. He said: "Are you sure?" I said: "Yes, I am sure" (I really don't have any; I brought all the needed documents to IOM, and by the way they did not take any of them). He said "Wait a minute" and went to talk to someone, where I could still see him. He came back and asked the same question. I gave the same answer. And then once more.
Next he asked: "And how will you support yourself if your English is poor?" I said: "I am learning the language and will keep learning it. I have enough money for a comfortable transition period. Can I show you the documents?" He said: "I don't need them. Wait a minute," and again went to talk to someone. He came back and asked the same question again. (I understood he was trying to get me to say that after I arrive I will work with Russian speakers.) When he did not get that answer, he left again, came back and asked the same question a third time. By then I was furious, of course, and gave him the answer he was pushing for. He jumped on it: "So you will work with Russian speakers in the U.S.?"
I said: "At first, yes. But... I am learning the language, and I plan to work at American centers."
He asked: "Which companies will you work for, which corporations?" I was stunned and said: "What corporations? I work with children." He was getting angry and asked: "No, where exactly?" I told him: "There are letters of intent in the case." He said: "I don't have your case at all." I gave him the letters. He said: "These are dated 2024." I said: "Yes, I filed my case in 2024."
Then he turned around and went to get a 221(g) form: administrative processing (they have a rack right on the wall, with a top row labeled "Russian" and three slots for forms: approval, 214(b), 221(g)). After that I was not really listening. I know what a 221(g) means; I was just gathering my documents.
I understand very well that this is the promised public charge check in action (when he opened my IOM results, he mentioned "Class B").
Result: Yesterday I got an email from them: send everything on the case again and confirm the employers again.
Yerevan, September 2025 (O-1, DevOps)
I'll describe my situation too.
O-1 visa, Armenia. I was born in Armenia, lived in Russia all my life, and for the last 3 years I have lived in Armenia. I have Armenian and Russian passports. All my achievements are from Russia.
My petition got an RFE, and in early September I had the interview at the embassy in Armenia. They asked about my achievements and my profession (DevOps engineer, software engineer with AI; probably because of the TAL, the Technology Alert List). Then they gave me a form where the "administrative processing" box was not checked, only that I had to bring my resume and send digital copies of the evidence of my achievements. The same day I sent an email with what the embassy officer asked for.
But it turned out I was supposed to wait for their email first. They wrote to me about two weeks later with questions and a request to send my CV, as if they had not read my first email. I answered in early October, and the next day they wrote that my administrative processing had started.
They gave me my passport back on the day of the interview; they did not keep it.
So far there is no news from them. The status check site shows "Refused", last updated on the day of the interview.
I plan to wait until a full month has passed since the processing started and then send them a polite email.
Follow-up (another applicant, same officer):
I also applied in Armenia, and it feels like I got the same young American officer.
My interview was in English, and he did not ask about the language. But he asked several times what my extraordinary abilities are, and I answered every time. Just in case, I had also printed my whole petition (500 pages). It really came in handy, even though I had read many times that you do not need to bring the petition. He asked for different documents from it, and I gave them to him. That is how I realized he did not have my petition. Unfortunately, the one thing I forgot to print was my resume. When he heard I did not have it with me, he gave me a white form with several checkboxes.
Of those boxes he checked only "send additional documents: resume", and wrote that I should also send all the evidence of my extraordinary ability. The form also had an "Administrative processing" box, but he did not check it. He also told me not to worry, that this was not administrative processing. I only learned I was in administrative processing when their email came saying it had started for me.
Takeaway: If I understand it right (if that can even happen), at first they did not plan administrative processing, then they looked at the case more closely and decided to start it.
Warsaw, summer 2025 (EB-2 NIW, science)
Hi everyone! I decided to write a long post about the IOM medical exam in Moscow and the interview in Warsaw. I think my experience may help many people later.
A bit about my case:
I filed for EB-2 NIW (National Interest Waiver). My field is science: electrical engineering (power). I have worked as a chief engineer, and when I filed the petition and filled out the DS-260, I was the head of a research lab. I have more than 150 articles, books and patents, including in top-quartile journals. I am also an editor and reviewer for scientific journals (Scopus).
Priority date (PD): early October 2023. I expected the interview only in early 2026, but the jump in the June bulletin caught us off guard. In mid-May 2025 we got an invitation to an interview in mid-July 2025. We decided to go.
Schengen visa:
It turned out that getting a Schengen visa in summer is very hard: all appointment slots were taken. The only option was a "fast track" visa to Spain. We bought tickets Moscow - Istanbul - Barcelona - Warsaw two weeks before the trip, as soon as we had the visas in hand. By the way, at the same time we got second Russian international passports, and that turned out to be very useful!
Medical exam (IOM):
We did the IOM medical exam in Moscow. Everything was standard except one thing: our younger son's IGRA test suggested possible tuberculosis. Three days later we had to come back for a chest X-ray. Getting an X-ray of a two-year-old is quite a task! The doctor looked at the image, said everything was fine, and we waited to hear from the central IOM office. An hour and a half later, the central office sent us for one more X-ray view. We did it (so in the end our child had two X-rays, and I had four in the last three months). Another hour and a half of waiting. While we waited, the doctor said they had noticed a "small shadow", most likely from a recent cold. But IOM was not satisfied with the images and asked for sputum samples. The doctor let us go home and promised to call back and try to sort it out, because getting sputum from a 2-year-old is very hard.
The same day a nurse called and said the sputum samples were needed after all. She admitted we were the first such patients and she did not know how to do it properly. So we were sent to a tuberculosis research institute that works with children from 18 months old. The samples had to be given three days in a row. At that point I thought again how lucky we were to live in Moscow and not need extra days off work! The funny part: the "well-tested" procedure at that institute goes like this. The parents pour water into the child's mouth, and while he screams and struggles, they turn him upside down so the water from his mouth runs into a test tube. The first time they showed us how; the second time they told us to do it ourselves and just bring the tubes. Two tests are done on the samples. The first showed no tuberculosis. The second takes eight weeks, and its results go to IOM: we had to wait until early September.
The interview at the embassy:
The interview was set for 8:30. We came on time and entered the embassy with the second group (the first group were people who came before us, even though their interviews were at 9:00).
Inside we handed in our documents, and they strongly suggested I do the interview in English (as I understood, all interviews were in English, and an interpreter joined only when needed). I got a number and was told to wait. We were called to the officer much later than our turn: our number was I906, and we went in after I912. I don't know the exact reason for the delay, but we think they spent a long time checking or reading my case.
Our officer was a young man, and it seemed everyone left his window looking upset. We were "lucky" to get him too. He asked me to talk about my work experience and what I do. After my three-minute monologue, as soon as he heard the name of my lab, he stopped me and focused on my specialization: power supply. I confirmed it.
Then came the "torture" about whether I work on machine learning. (A side note: when writing the petition, I thought mentioning "machine learning" would help my case get approved. Only later did I hear that it often leads to administrative processing.) First I tried to explain that research often uses machine learning methods, and that I have co-authored papers on the topic (quite decent ones). Then came a series of follow-up questions, and "we arrived at this": I know how ML models are used and can apply them in research, but I cannot develop the algorithms themselves, because that is not my expertise. He was fine with that.
Then there were questions about the army and something else minor that I no longer remember. In the end he said he was approving our visas, but we had to bring translations. I had done the translations myself and signed them myself. The officer said they were all OK and I could translate myself, except for the police record. He asked us to get that translation done and bring it the next day. He also promised to find out about our child and let us know (I describe the problem below).
About the translations:
Two pages. In Poland, as we were told, the certified translation had to go from Russian to Polish and then from Polish to English. Most agencies take three to four business days. We found one that agreed to do it in two days as a rush order.
Four days after the interview I picked up the translations and took them to the embassy. I forgot to say: they had given me a 221(g) sheet saying to bring certified translations specifically. An interesting detail: the staff member taking documents did not know which documents I needed to bring and at first asked for all the translations. In the end they accepted the police record translations and told us to wait for the passports. I also asked that staff member to take our second passports and give back the first ones, with the Schengen visa.
That day I also saw a young couple with a child who had their interview at the same time as me. It turned out their visas had been approved, but the next day their passports came back empty, with a 221(g) form and a request to send an updated CV (yes, administrative processing). When I handed in my documents, I asked whether I could end up in administrative processing like that couple. They calmed me down: "If you have not heard about administrative processing by the second day after the interview, most likely everything will be fine." Right, given that officially I was already on administrative hold over the translations.
My wife's status and mine were "Refused" with a long text, the children's were "Ready", and the case updated every day. That Wednesday we decided to wait until Friday and then leave (Warsaw - Antalya - Moscow). We figured we would find a way to get the passports later; maybe that would even cost less than waiting for them and paying for hotels. Yesterday the status changed to "Administrative processing", and today it is already "Issued". For our younger child: "Refused".
Our child's situation:
Our child's IOM medical is not finished, and he will not get a visa until the negative tuberculosis result comes in. So his visa can be issued only after early September. But my visa category has retrogressed, and in August our date is not current. So he will get his visa in October, if our priority date becomes current again. I worry that the bulletin will not move back and he will not get a visa until next year (anything can happen). Then we would have to fly to the U.S., go through the border and return home the same day. I can't even imagine who we could leave our child with for that time. Of course, this only happens if our visas are issued in the next couple of days; otherwise we will not be "current" either, and the problem solves itself. We could have chosen to get the visas all together after the missing medical result, but that looked even worse to us: with the bulletin moving back, the medical exam's validity and a high chance of administrative processing, you cannot plan a departure, and I can't see how we could wrap up our affairs in a few months. By the way, we were told that because of the extra TB check, our child's visa will be valid for three months after the last test, so until early December.
O-1 in Sao Paulo 2022 + EB-1A in 2025 (software engineer, success story)
Hi everyone! Time to share a long success story, to cheer up those who are on this hard but very rewarding road to life in the U.S., and to motivate those who are only weighing it!
I am a software engineer. General background: full stack; for the last 5 years my focus has been Flutter mobile development. For both the O-1 and the EB-1 I worked with a lawyer, and for the O-1 specifically with, let's call it, a "service". I will not name any of them, because I am not willing to recommend them at all. That does not mean everything was bad (nor that everything was good): in the end I reached my goal, but 90% of the success is my own work, and in every case it will be the same for you.
The O-1 story:
Most likely it was laziness and a silly hope for luck in the DV lottery (I entered every year since 2011, at some point together with my girlfriend, later my wife; spoiler: we did not win). But I was always interested in sharing knowledge and experience (in scientific, or rather technical, articles) and in solving my own problems (by creating many open source projects).
So, we came to the consulate, went through the entrance line (without the "child pass", but still very fast), then waited in line for the window (for some reason the "child pass" did not work there, but we waited only about 7 minutes). The officer was the nicest, kindest person: a few routine questions, mostly about my extraordinary ability, and it all ended with "your visa cannot be approved right now, but you can leave your passports". The idea was that the problem was purely technical, and if we could leave the passports, all was well. But it was not at all clear whether that was true or just a very soft and friendly way to refuse. We left our passports and went to the hotel.
My memory of this part is a bit blurry, so I'll skip ahead: a couple of days later we were invited to give biometrics, and there I found out whether we would get the visas. The answer was "you will, but wait". A day later they sent us a link to book a slot to pick up the passports. As far as I remember, it was a Thursday, and the earliest date was Monday. That meant 3 extra nights in the hotel, which we really did not want. So we booked Monday (to have at least some booking), and on Friday early in the morning, right when the consulate opened, we went there hoping they would not send us away.
And they didn't! This time the "child pass" worked 100%: they walked us past the line, through a hall that already held about 100 people (20 minutes after opening), straight to the window. There we got our passports with visas and were simply overjoyed! In the end we moved to the U.S. only in mid-April 2023, after wrapping up everything in Brazil.
The EB-1 story:
About the EB-1 I thought roughly like this: I have an O-1 now, with plenty of time on it, 2.5 years, and in that time it will all somehow work out by magic and we will get green cards. Almost a year passed. By early 2024 there was still no sign of a green card showing up by itself, and I started thinking seriously about EB-1.
Since I had only really looked at my O-1 petition around that time, I did not understand much about what to do and how. So, by inertia, I decided to work with the same lawyer as for the O-1, but this time directly, without the "service" in the middle. The whole time the lawyer worked on the case (about February 2024 - February 2025), I studied the subject myself, so that if it failed (and I thought failure was the most likely outcome), I could rebuild the whole case and file on my own. That experience helped: by the time of filing I could already see what was wrong with the case the lawyer had put together and fix it. So the filing was close to the "ideal" I was ready to build myself if this attempt failed, rather than a "maybe we'll get lucky" try.
Probably the main thing I learned in that time: "every fact you claim in the case must be proven". As if I were a prosecutor proving someone's guilt: for every charge (accusing myself of being extraordinary) I had to attach rock-solid evidence. And second: there are quite clear standards of proof for every criterion, and you need to follow them as you build your "case for the prosecution".
I also think it was very important to separate the wheat from the chaff and not stuff everything possible into the case, hoping to win by volume. My assumption was that as soon as the officer finds something that gives even the slightest hint of stretching the facts, he will become biased against the whole case. So I simply left out everything that was too weak. As a result, the overlap in content between the O-1 and the EB-1 was about 70% (some things from the O-1 were dropped from the EB-1 case, and of course the EB-1 had a lot of new material that did not exist when I filed the O-1).
By criterion:
- Leading or critical role: The easiest one to prove in my case. With 8 years of experience I had about 7 jobs (full-time), and at the last 6 I always had a leading role in every project. I am a "regular developer", not a manager, but with "Senior" / "Staff" / "Lead" titles, and my decisions usually set the technical direction of the projects.
- Judging the work of others: Many (~10-12) hackathons and competitions "around the world", plus several all-Russian ones in 2020-2021. I did not consider this criterion especially strong, but not so weak that I would mention it only in the final merits.
- High salary: No big problems here either: even in the U.S., my salary was more than 2x the "average" for my group, above the 90th-92nd percentile for sure. If my current salary had not been enough, I would have used past salaries, which were even 3-4x the level in the places we lived (Brazil / Russia).
- Articles about me in the media: There were "natural" articles (people just happened to write about me) and interviews for some YouTube channels. I did not use any PR services from anyone, and IMO using them is digging a hole for yourself for the future.
- Authorship of articles: Probably my favorite and a fairly easy one for me. In total I have about 12 technical articles about my experience, my open source projects and a bit of everything else. Usually writing an article meant building a demo project for it: about 20-30 hours on the project and another 10-15 hours on the article itself.
- Original contribution to the industry: My open source projects, open source projects I contributed to, and my own tools that I brought into the companies I worked for (usually just my own open source, put into use). There is also an improved fuzzy search algorithm I have been developing since my master's program and have used for its purpose in several places.
- Awards: Mostly awards to projects or products I worked on, where my contribution was the main reason they existed at all. I had no personal ones.
Criteria summary: I considered these rock-solid: leading role, high salary, authorship of articles, original contribution. The other three were strong enough to include, but each of them certainly had some weak spots.
I also had ~18 recommendation letters from very different people in Russia and the U.S., and collecting them took a very long time (the first list had about 30 people; about 18 got to signing). The full EB-1 package was ~1,450 pages; the O-1 was ~700.
What I would do differently with what I know now: I would probably have started writing an EB-1 myself right away in 2021 and cut all the timelines a lot. Still, I am very happy with the result.
Thanks: When I started digging into the topic, this chat and its knowledge base helped me a lot. To level up, I also read about 5 cases from other people who dared to publish their petitions as examples, and that was very useful too.
If you have any questions, I'll be glad to answer (as far as I can). The one thing: I will not share anything more specific about the case itself, the lawyer, the "service" or prices, in any form.
EB-1A interview without a job offer (scientist)
Today I went to the embassy for my interview again. The officer was friendly at first, but as soon as we got to the case, her friendliness was gone. She was quite tough and pushy.
My whole interview was really about one question. The officer said she had no questions about the petition criteria, but asked why I did not have a job offer. I was ready for this and answered that, according to the USCIS website, an EB-1A visa does not require a job offer. I also cited section 204.5 of the Code of Federal Regulations (8 CFR 204.5) and the immigration law, which say a job offer is required for EB-1B, "Outstanding Professor or Researcher", but not for my type of visa.
The officer said she needed to check this and stepped away for a couple of minutes. I took out a copy of my Form I-140 from the petition, and when she came back I showed her that the first page marks the visa type I am applying for: "Extraordinary ability" (EB-1A), not "Outstanding researcher".
The officer agreed, but still insisted on asking why I had not applied for other visa types for scientists and researchers. I explained that it is hard to find a job without a visa while in Russia, because many job applications ask right away whether you have a visa. This seemed to make the officer even angrier. Looking me in the eye, she said this was not true and that the U.S. has had programs for 10 years that bring scientists in to work.
I answered that I want to work and live in the U.S. and be useful, and that my visa type is meant exactly for that. The officer asked whether that meant immigration, not work and research, was my main goal. Then she went quiet and started typing something quickly.
At the end I added that I wanted to stress once more: I am one of the top experts in my field in Russia, I have many research papers and a published monograph, and my skills will be useful in the U.S.
The officer reached for a sheet of paper, paused for a moment and said that my visas were approved.
Takeaway: My impression: the officer's question was a kind of test of whether I understand what is what, and what the requirements for the visa and the petition are. If I had not stood my ground and had agreed with the officer because of her pressure, I think I would most likely have been refused. Good luck, everyone!
Frankfurt, November 2022 (EB-1, business)
First they asked the usual standard questions: what do you do, who are you, how many children, where do you work (and where did you work before), in what role, how long have you been married, and so on.
Then they asked my husband (the dad) to step aside with the children and started questioning the mom, the main beneficiary of the EB-1 petition.
Note: at first I tried to answer in English, even though the officer had asked earlier which language to use and we said Russian was better. Only when I said in the middle of the conversation that I did not understand a question did they call an officer who speaks Russian.
Questions about the case:
- What does the company do? Import/export of goods, 25-27 people.
- What is your role? I consult, sign contracts, go to meetings.
- Since what year has the company existed? Since 2012; I have worked there since 2014.
- What do you plan to do in the U.S.? We will open a consulting company together with my husband.
- Whom will you hire, and how many people? We will hire 4-5 employees in the U.S.
- Which companies do you work with? What do they ship? I named several; equipment.
- Alcohol? Gas? No.
- Do you know anyone at the media outlets that interviewed you? No, I do not know those outlets. I was interviewed at conferences and trade shows, or the media called and asked if I could give an interview.
- Do you know that people who apply for this visa have international-level awards? Yes. I do not have international-level awards, but I am one of the best specialists in my country.
Officer: We searched Google for the company where you work (the one listed under the "role in the company" criterion) and found nothing.
Comment: I proved the company's importance with its contracts with large companies and the importance of its partners.
About salary: The business plan said employees would earn $4,500 a month. The officer said this was a very low salary for a person getting this kind of visa. I answered that this was the employees' pay; I would have income from the company and would also work myself. They said it was still very little.
More questions:
- What grades did you get at university (2003)? Normal ones.
- Which countries does the company work with? CIS countries, China, Vietnam; until February, also the U.S. and Europe.
- Why didn't you file a petition in 2012? Because I am at the peak of my career right now.
Last question: Is there anything else you would like to add?
Yes. I want to say that exports matter for any country, whether it is Russia, China, Vietnam or the U.S. Many countries want quality American goods. I can help manufacturers go international, and I know how to do it.
Result: "Thank you for your time. We cannot approve your visa. Questions will be asked and documents will be requested."
We asked how long it might take. The answer: the case will be reviewed not by the consulate but by a department in the U.S.
They gave us a sheet with 221(g) and said there would be administrative processing and we would need to answer a request they would send by email. They asked: will you take your passports? "We advise you to take them."
Warsaw, 2024 (EB-1, science): questions at the first window
At the first window:
- Are you married?
- Do you have children?
- Have you lived in countries other than Russia for more than 6 months?
- Do you have a second citizenship?
- What is your professional education?
- Have you been to the U.S.?
- Do you have a military ID?
- Did you serve?
- Do you have a job offer?
- Who is your contact person, and why did you list their address?
- Do you know English, and can you do the interview in English?
Officer:
- Tell me about your work.
- Tell me about your plans in the U.S.
Result: Visa approved.
Warsaw, 2024 (EB-1, international logistics)
Interview questions:
- How many years have you worked in the field of your talent?
- How is it that your first degree is in one field and your talent is in another?
- At the company your role is Customer Service. That title is not really related to the field of your talent. Can you explain?
- What did you do at the other company?
- Did you arrange your future job with anyone in the U.S.?
- Do you work with the company now? Don't they want to keep working with you after you move to the U.S.?
- What salary do you expect in the U.S.?
- How will you use your experience in the U.S.?
- You studied at a London university. Was it an additional master's degree or a PhD? Did you attend classes in person? What was the program?
- How much money do you have for the move to the U.S.? Cash in your accounts, specifically?
Saudi Arabia, 2024 (EB-1, business)
We waited a month for the interview invitation after DQ (documentarily qualified), even though local chats had scared us that EB-1 cases wait 8-9 months.
My husband was the main applicant; the officer asked me nothing at all. Though at the start he asked whether we all speak English, and my husband said he and our son do, and I not so much. All the questions were clear. He spoke clearly, even I understood. At first it felt tough and long. The officer had the case in electronic form. He scrolled through it and asked questions straight from the case:
- What was the award for?
- In which journals were your scientific articles published?
- Where did you work? Where did you work before that?
- Do you have a job offer in the U.S.?
- Where are you going to go?
They asked for the diploma with a translation and the resume. Good thing we brought the diploma with a translation: it was not on the lists. There were also a few personal questions about our older child (he is not coming with us). At first it felt long, but then we realized it all took about 15-20 minutes.
Result: The officer said the visas were approved and to wait 2-3 business days.
Advice: Good luck to everyone who has this ahead. Honestly, the waiting is very stressful. That month was unbearably long. Meditation and a positive attitude helped me a lot. Don't let yourself think that something will go wrong. Make yourself think positively. Visualize it, and I hope it all works out for you.
Marriage-based visas: what the consulate may ask at the interview
Why is this here?
This part of our knowledge base is mostly about O-1 and EB-1 visas, but we decided to include marriage-based visas too. First, many O-1 and EB-1 applicants also consider immigrating through marriage. Second, preparing for the consulate interview is an important step for any visa type, and some questions can be similar.
So if you are going to a consulate interview for a spouse visa (IR-1 or CR-1) or a fiance(e) visa (K-1), be ready for the officer to ask detailed questions about your spouse or partner, your life together and your relationship. This is done to make sure the relationship is genuine and to prevent immigration fraud.
Below are examples of questions often asked at marriage-based visa interviews. This is not a complete list, and your questions may be different. Still, going through these questions with your spouse will help you prepare and feel more confident.
And remember: if the marriage visa does not work out, or your husband turns out to be, to put it mildly, not quite who you were looking for, you always have a backup plan: discover your extraordinary talents and apply for an O-1 or EB-1! After all, talent is talent anywhere, and it can help you start a new life in the U.S. 😉
Sample questions for a marriage-based interview
How you met
- Where and when did you meet? Describe your first date.
- Who suggested meeting first?
- How did you and your spouse end up there?
- Was your spouse alone at that meeting or with a friend? With whom?
- What did you do after the first date?
- Did you exchange phone numbers?
- When did you meet next?
- Where did you live at that time? Where did your spouse live?
- When did you decide to get married?
- Where did your spouse propose?
- Did you live together before the marriage? Where and for how long?
The wedding
- When and where did you get married?
- How did you and your spouse get to the place where you got married?
- Where did you sleep the night before? Where did your spouse sleep?
- Who was at your wedding ceremony?
- Who were the witnesses?
- Did you exchange rings?
- Where did you buy the rings? Did you buy them together?
- Did you have a reception after the ceremony?
- Where was it?
- Do you have photos of the ceremony and the reception?
Describe the reception. - Which of your relatives and your husband's relatives were at the wedding?
- Did you have a honeymoon? If so, where?
- If you had no reception, what did you do after the ceremony?
- Where did you live after the wedding? Describe the place where you lived right after you got married.
Your home
- Describe the place where you live: number of bedrooms and bathrooms, furniture, wall colors, flooring, appliances and so on; type of air conditioning, heating and so on.
- How many floors does your house (apartment building) have?
- How much is your current rent or mortgage? When, how and by whom is it paid?
- How many TVs are in your home?
- Do you have cable TV?
- Where did you get the furniture for your home? Did you buy it together, was it a gift, or did your spouse already have it?
- Describe how you moved the furniture into the home, and in what vehicle.
- Describe your bedroom. Where do you and your spouse keep your clothes?
- Where do you keep clean towels? Where do you put dirty laundry?
- Where is the trash can in the kitchen?
- Which stores do you buy groceries at? Do you shop together or not?
- If you stand facing the kitchen sink, on which side is the microwave?
- Describe the microwave: color, size, brand and so on.
- Which side of the bed do you like to sleep on?
- Is there a rug on the bedroom floor? What color is it?
- On which side of the bed is your closet?
- Where do you keep your underwear? Where does your husband keep his?
- What color is your toothbrush? And your spouse's?
- Do you have an answering machine? Whose voice is on it?
- On which days is the trash picked up?
- Who cooks at home?
- What did you have for dinner yesterday? Did you have guests yesterday?
- What time did you have dinner yesterday? Who cooked dinner yesterday?
- What did you watch on TV yesterday?
- What time did you go to bed? Who fell asleep first?
- Who woke up first today? Do you have an alarm clock at home?
- Did you and your spouse shower this morning?
- Did you come to the interview together? How did you get here?
- What did you have for breakfast today?
Finances
- Do you have a joint bank account? Where? What kind of account (checking, savings)?
- Show proof that you both use the account (checks, receipts, bank statements).
- Did you file a joint tax return for this year? Do you have proof?
- Do you own property together? A house, a car and so on. Do you have a document that proves it?
- Describe your cars.
- Do you have insurance? Show it.
- Do you have pets? List them and say their names.
Work
- Where do you and your spouse work? Which days of the week do you work? How many hours do you work? What is your salary?
- How are you paid: weekly, every two weeks or monthly? And your spouse?
- How much were you paid last time? How much did your husband get?
- Do you know the name of your spouse's boss?
- What is your spouse's work phone number?
- When did you and your spouse last take vacation from work?
- How did you spend the vacation?
- Where did you go on vacation together?
- What time does your husband leave for work and come back?
Family and friends
- How many brothers and sisters does your spouse have? Name them.
- Do you and your husband have friends?
- Do you know each other's family members? List them.
- Have you or your spouse been married before?
- Do you or your spouse have children from a previous marriage? Tell us about them: names, ages and so on.
About each other and your relationship
- Do you want to have children together?
- What was the last movie you watched together?
- What did you do last night after work?
- How old is your spouse?
- When is your spouse's birthday?
- Where did you last go on vacation? Do you have photos?
- Do you have letters or cards from your relatives and friends addressed to both of you?
- What did you do on holidays: Christmas, New Year's, birthdays? What gifts did you give each other?
- Name your favorite dishes and your spouse's.
- Does your spouse like coffee? How does he take it: sugar, cream...?
The email questionnaire: how to answer
After a 221(g), the consulate may send you an email with questions. The format of your answer matters a lot: in the wrong format, your answer may not be processed. How administrative processing works: 221(g) administrative processing.
Important
Answer in the body of the email, not as an attachment. Do not use tables. Put each answer right under its question. Attach a CV only if they ask for it directly.
Rules for your answer
- Answer in the body of the email, not as an attachment
- Do not use tables
- Put each answer right under its question
- Avoid brackets, hyphens, apostrophes and quotation marks if the email says so
- Attach a CV only if they ask for it directly
Important fields people often forget
- Port of entry: be sure to name the airport where you will enter
- Export license number: write "Not applicable" if it does not apply
- Defense related experience: write "None" if you have none
- All countries visited: list all countries, even transit ones
Answer template
Use this format (plain text, no tables):
QUESTION:
QUESTION: Your name and any family members who will be traveling with you
ANSWER: John Smith (applicant), Jane Smith (spouse), Emily Smith (daughter, age 10)
QUESTION: Please provide the name of the port of entry at which you plan to enter the U.S.
ANSWER: John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York
QUESTION: List your entire educational background
ANSWER:
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Degree: PhD in Computer Science
Years attended: 2010 to 2015
Advisor: Prof. Ivan Petrov
Dissertation: Machine Learning Applications in Natural Language Processing
Moscow Institute of Technology, Moscow, Russia
Degree: Master of Science in Applied Mathematics
Years attended: 2008 to 2010
QUESTION: List your entire employment background (most recent first)
ANSWER:
Company: Tech Solutions Inc
Position: Senior Software Engineer
Dates: January 2018 to present
Supervisor: Michael Johnson
Phone: +1 (555) 010-0001
Responsibilities: Development of backend systems, team leadership, code reviews
Company: StartUp LLC
Position: Software Developer
Dates: June 2015 to December 2017
Supervisor: Anna Brown
Phone: +1 (555) 010-0002
Responsibilities: Full stack development, database design
QUESTION: Area of expertise
ANSWER: Machine learning, natural language processing, software architecture, distributed systems
QUESTION: Detailed purpose of travel
ANSWER: Employment as Senior Machine Learning Engineer at ABC Corporation. I will be developing recommendation algorithms for an e-commerce platform.
QUESTION: Name of U.S. Inviting Organization
ANSWER:
Organization: ABC Corporation
Address: 123 Tech Street, San Francisco, CA 94102
Contact Person: David Miller, HR Director
Phone: +1 (555) 010-0003
Website: www.example.com
QUESTION: Funding source of your travel
ANSWER: ABC Corporation (employer) will cover relocation expenses and pay my salary
QUESTION: Tentative travel itinerary to the U.S.
ANSWER: Direct flight from Warsaw to San Francisco, planned arrival within 30 days of visa issuance
QUESTION: Defense related experience
ANSWER: None
QUESTION: Countries traveled to (list all countries visited)
ANSWER:
Germany [YEAR], [YEAR]
France [YEAR]
Turkey [YEAR], [YEAR]
Georgia [YEAR]
Armenia [YEAR]
QUESTION: Complete list of publications
ANSWER:
- Smith J. et al. Deep Learning for Text Classification. Journal of AI Research, [YEAR]
- Smith J. Neural Networks in Practice. Conference on Machine Learning, [YEAR]
QUESTION: Summary of past research
ANSWER: My research focused on applying machine learning techniques to natural language processing tasks, specifically sentiment analysis and text classification for business applications.
QUESTION: Detailed description of ongoing or future research or work in the U.S.
ANSWER: At ABC Corporation I will develop recommendation algorithms using collaborative filtering and deep learning. This is commercial software development, not academic research.
QUESTION: List of references in your country of birth or residence
ANSWER:
Prof. Ivan Petrov, Moscow State University, +7 495 000 0001, petrov@example.com
Dr. Elena Sokolova, Tech Institute, +7 495 000 0002, sokolova@example.com
QUESTION: Export license number
ANSWER: Not applicable
QUESTION: Military service
ANSWER: None
Common mistakes
What people get wrong and how to avoid it.
Mistake | What to do instead |
|---|---|
Choosing a consulate by its "administrative processing statistics" | Administrative processing depends on your profile, not on the consulate |
Switching consulates during administrative processing | Usually makes the process longer |
Answering the email questionnaire with an attachment | Write in the body of the email |
Tables in your email answer | Use plain text |
Booking tickets before you get your passport back | Wait until the passport is in your hands |
Choosing only by the first available slot | Consider all factors |
What applicants have noticed
Same questions, different format
The same questions after a 221(g) may look different at different consulates, but the point is often the same: to clarify your background, work and plans. Keep a ready "universal package" of your data and adapt it to each list of questions.
The main mistake in email questionnaires
The most common mistake: answering with an attachment or a table when they ask for an answer in the body of the email. Answer in the body, without tables, in the QUESTION / ANSWER structure.
Consistent wording
People often change how they describe the purpose of the trip and their duties from one email to the next. That leads to extra questions. Use the same wording every time, consistent with your invitation letter and resume.
Shorter is better
A short answer to the point is better than a long story about your whole career. Answer only the question asked, and add details if they ask for them separately.
Tip
If they ask for a CV or letters, check that you send the current versions and that they match each other. Mistakes happen at the level of "wrong file" or "old version".
Petition sent back to USCIS
Sometimes after a 221(g), the consulate does not continue the case and instead sends the petition back to USCIS for review (for immigrant visas, see 22 CFR 42.43(a)). After that, the next steps and notices come through USCIS, not the consulate. More from USCIS: USCIS: Green Card Processes and Procedures.
This page is part of O1EB1, a free education program of Global Talent Foundation Inc., a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Our mission is to help talented professionals understand the O-1, EB-1A and EB-2 NIW visas using official sources. We sell nothing and do not give legal advice. About O1EB1
Disclaimer
This is an independent analysis of public sources: laws, regulations and USCIS decisions.
It is not legal advice. The authors are not licensed US attorneys. Using this site does not create an attorney-client relationship.
Immigration policy changes. Check the current rules on uscis.gov and discuss your case with a licensed immigration attorney.
